![]() Given the importance of both waking movement behavior and sleep for cardiovascular health in older women, an ancillary study was added to the HWS protocol in the 2010-2011 follow-up visit, which included 7-consecutive days of sleep-wake monitoring in the participants home environment. Participants in the HWS were between the ages of 42 and 50 years at enrollment (1983-1984) and have been followed, periodically, since then. The Healthy Women Study (HWS) ( 26) is an on-going longitudinal study of healthy aging and cardiovascular risk being conducted at the University of Pittsburgh. ![]() However, to our knowledge, no studies in adults have investigated the validity of a wrist-worn Actiwatch device to measure waking movement behavior concurrently with sleep in a free-living setting. Moreover, the Actiwatch monitors are typically worn for a full 24-hour period, making them attractive as a potential single device that could capture both waking movement behavior and sleep. A notable advantage of the Actiwatch monitors and other similar sleep monitoring devices is their sleek/compact design (similar to a wrist watch) which makes wearing the device very easy and unobtrusive. Although the Actiwatch monitors detect accelerations in the vertical plane similar to the ActiGraph GT1M, the Actiwatch monitors differs from ActiGraph GT1M in that they have a larger frequency response range (e.g., 0.35-7.50 Hz) and integrate data as a peak acceleration detected over each epoch ( 9). The Actiwatch brand of sleep monitors, in particular, has been widely used to directly measure sleep in free-living settings. These devices detect small movements at the wrist which are used to determine sleep-wake intervals. In contrast to the standard placement of accelerometers on the waist to assess waking movement behavior, the most accurate placement of accelerometer devices to measure sleep is on the wrist ( 7). One limitation of past data collection using ActiGraph GT1M and other similar waist-worn accelerometers, however, is that participants are typically instructed to remove the device when sleeping therefore, capturing movement only during waking hours within each 24-hour period. The ActiGraph GT1M detects accelerations in the vertical plane with a frequency response range of 0.25-2.50 Hz and integrates data as an average acceleration over a user-specified time period (i.e., epoch) ( 9, 17). The ActiGraph monitors, including the GT1M model, are considered to provide reliable and valid estimates of waking movement behavior in adults ( 2, 19, 34). However, some noteworthy differences (e.g., monitor location, wear time, signal detection/integration) between devices used to assess waking movement behavior versus devices used to assess sleep complicates this task.Īccelerometers, typically worn around the waist to detect gross movements at the trunk, are considered the gold standard for direct assessment of waking movement behavior in free-living settings ( 33, 39). ![]() Given that waking movement behavior and sleep can be directly assessed in free-living settings with similar methodology detecting accelerations in body movement, measurement of both behaviors with a single device could improve our understanding of health and mortality, while minimizing cost and participant burden. Waking movement behavior (e.g., total movement volume, physical activity) and sleep are both crucial for optimizing health and preventing disease. ![]()
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